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characteristics of satellite antenna characteristics

electrically antennas are characterized by a number of parameters, being the most common described below:

radiation pattern (radiation pattern) [edit ]

is the graphical representation the radiation characteristics of an antenna. It is customary to represent the magnitude of electric field and the radiated power density, but you can also find diagrams of polarization or phase.

radiation pattern

band width [ edit]

is the frequency range in which the antenna parameters meet certain characteristics. You can define a bandwidth of impedance, polarization, gain or other parameters.

Directivity [edit ]

The ratio of radiated power density in the direction of maximum radiation at a distance r and the total radiated power divided by the area of \u200b\u200bthe sphere of radius r. Directivity can be calculated from the radiation pattern. The antenna gain is equal to the directivity multiplied by the efficiency.

Gain [edit ]

The ratio of radiated power density in the direction of maximum at a distance r and the total power delivered to the antenna divided by the area of \u200b\u200ba sphere of radius r. The efficiency of an antenna is the relationship between gain and directivity. This relationship coincides with the ratio of total radiated power and power delivered to the antenna. ^{[ 1 ]}

input impedance [edit ]

is the impedance of the antenna at its terminals. Is the relationship between voltage and current input. . The impedance is complex. The real part of impedance is called resistance antenna and the imaginary part is reactance. The antenna resistance is the sum of radiation resistance and loss resistance. The antennas are called resonant when you cancel your input reactor.

beamwidth [edit ]

radiation is a parameter, linked to the radiation pattern. You can set the beam width at -3 dB, which is the angular range in which the radiated power density is equal to half the maximum. You can also define the beam width between zero, which is the main beam angular range of the radiation between the two zeros adjacent to the fullest.

Polarization [edit ]

antennas radiated electromagnetic fields exist. Polarization is defined electromagnetic in a certain direction, as the geometric figure traced by the end of the vector electric field at a certain distance from the antenna by varying the time. Polarization can be linear, circular and elliptical. Linear polarization can take different orientations (horizontal, vertical, +45 °, -45 °). Circular or elliptical polarization may be clockwise or counterclockwise (right-handed or left-handed), according to the direction of rotation of the field (observed away from the antenna).

diagram is called the co-polar radiation pattern with desired polarization diagram contrapolar ( crosspolar in English ) the radiation pattern with opposite polarization.

Front to Back [ edit]

The ratio of the radiated power in the main direction and the power radiated in the opposite direction. In English, this parameter is called Front to Back Ratio F / B.